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A demonstration of the Macrowave oven, which offers microwave, air fryer and oven capabilities, at the Consumer Electronics Show Unveiled in Las Vegas, Nevada, on January 7. The accidental discovery behind the invention of the microwave is one of many moments of serendipity in the history of scientific progress. Photo: AFP
Opinion
Inside Out
by David Dodwell
Inside Out
by David Dodwell

World in crisis must leave room for serendipity to right its ship

  • At a time when climate change, pandemic threats and technological changes are compounding the disruptive force of more conventional risks such as demographic change and political turmoil, there is good reason to marshal the serendipitous forces that surround us
As “ tiger mums” worldwide strive to engineer a successful life for their children, I have always nurtured a temptation to warn them that all those meticulously organised life plans are likely to be laid in vain. Improbable, unpredictable events will almost certainly sideswipe even their best-laid plans.

From an early age, I have been convinced the force of serendipity that lies behind those sideswipes is one of life’s strongest but least-recognised forces. My life has been shaped not by any vision consciously forged either by myself or my parents but a handful of serendipitous moments that came out of nowhere, forced a choice and forever altered the course of my life.

By serendipity, I don’t just mean pure chance or coincidence, like the good fortune of being born into a wealthy family in a wealthy country, a last-minute decision to cancel a ticket on the Titanic or winning the lottery.

Neither do I mean just happy or lucky developments, though this was certainly implied by the creator of the concept, the “genial dilettante” Horace Walpole. He recalled the ancient tale of the inventive travels of the Three Princes of Serendip, an ancient Persian term referring to Sri Lanka.

Most of the discussion around serendipity sees it as a lucky and positive force inspiring dramatic innovation, such as Alexander Fleming’s 1928 discovery of penicillin after finding that a green fungus growing in accidentally untended Petri dishes had stifled growth of the staphylococcus bacterium.

However, I don’t believe the positive link is inevitable. Serendipity can inflict harm just as it can generate good, as anyone would know who had a family member in the World Trade Centre in New York on September 11, 2001, or lived near the Fukushima nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011.

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More than just being in the right or wrong place at the right or wrong time, it is what we do with unanticipated developments that unleashes truly serendipitous forces. As Louis Pasteur said in 1854: “Chance favours only the prepared mind”. What distinguishes serendipity is not the unexpected itself but rather the combination of the unexpected with a prepared mind that detects opportunity where the inattentive see nothing.

It is in scientific fields that the force of serendipity has been most powerfully recognised. Its influence is the stuff of legend, seen in stories such as Archimedes and his “eureka” moment more than 2,000 years ago or Isaac Newton and his apple tree in the 1660s.

The story of serendipity in bringing about unsought findings in scientific discovery is a long and colourful one. Remember Wilhelm Roentgen, who in 1895 stumbled on X-rays as he researched cathode rays in his Wurzburg laboratory. Consider Raytheon’s Percy Spencer, who in 1950 working close to a compact cavity magnetron – a high-powered vacuum tube that generates microwaves – noticed that the microwaves had melted a candy bar in his pocket, leading to the creation of the microwave oven.

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Similar serendipitous “accidents” have been linked with the first use of vaccines, insulin, quinine, superglue, Post-it stickers, Teflon and Velcro, not to mention radioactivity and pulsars.

Beyond the realm of pure science, serendipitous forces have been hard at work in all of our personal and work lives. When I decided in 1968 to take a “gap year” rather than go directly from A-levels to university, I had no inkling of the prodigious impact this decision would have on the rest of my life.

Voluntary Service Overseas, the British equivalent of the US Peace Corps, serendipitously sent me to Pakistan. After three months teaching in a school in a tribal area outside Peshawar, I decided to reapply to university, this time to study social anthropology and development economics. The decision sent alarm through my family, who could not imagine any useful career such a degree course could lead to.
Back to university in Britain, who could have predicted that Zhou Enlai would have sent one of the first cohorts of Foreign Ministry recruits to study English to live in my dormitory, seeding an interest in China that was so early that it aroused the suspicions of the UK’s intelligence services?

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Who could have predicted that this would lead to a journalism career with the Financial Times, which brought me here to Hong Kong in 1983, an entirely improbable destination for a working-class kid from England’s Midlands? My life has serendipity stamped all over it, and I am certain that most of us have similar stories of the profound and unanticipated impact of such serendipity on our lives.

It is the same in business, where business schools have tried to seed the force of serendipity as a catalyst for corporate creativity and innovation as well as a foundation for competitive advantage.

Such efforts include attempts to create “water cooler moments” or random coffee trials as stimulants for creative exchange, prompts to get us to plant “serendipity hooks” in our conversations or our emails and simple calls for enhanced alertness and curiosity, all aimed at incubating Pasteur’s prepared mind.

At a time of “polycrisis”, in which climate change, pandemic threats, wars and astonishing technology change are compounding the disruptive force of more conventional risks such as demographic change, political turmoil and unprecedented levels of debt, there is good reason to try to marshal more effectively the serendipitous forces that surround us – and only the positive ones, if possible.

David Dodwell is CEO of the trade policy and international relations consultancy Strategic Access, focused on developments and challenges facing the Asia-Pacific over the past four decades

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